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  • 1 customary, care

    soins m conformes aux traditions

    English-French legislative terms > customary, care

  • 2 Usage note : be

    The direct French equivalent of the verb to be in subject + to be + predicate sentences is être:
    I am tired
    = je suis fatigué
    Caroline is French
    = Caroline est française
    the children are in the garden
    = les enfants sont dans le jardin
    It functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.
    Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:
    she’s a doctor
    = elle est médecin
    Claudie is still a student
    = Claudie est toujours étudiante
    This is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:
    he’s a widower
    = il est veuf
    But
    Lyons is a beautiful city
    = Lyon est une belle ville
    For more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.
    For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.
    Grammatical functions
    The passive
    être is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:
    the rabbit was killed by a fox
    = le lapin a été tué par un renard
    the window had been broken
    = la fenêtre avait été cassée
    their books will be sold
    = leurs livres seront vendus
    our doors have been repainted red
    = nos portes ont été repeintes en rouge
    In spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.
    Progressive tenses
    In French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.
    The present
    French uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    I am working
    = je travaille
    Ben is reading a book
    = Ben lit un livre
    The future
    French also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    we are going to London tomorrow
    = nous allons à Londres demain
    I’m (just) coming!
    = j’arrive!
    I’m (just) going!
    = j’y vais!
    The past
    To express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:
    he wrote to his mother
    = il a écrit à sa mère
    he was writing to his mother
    = il écrivait à sa mère
    However, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:
    ‘what was he doing when you arrived?’
    ‘he was cooking the dinner’
    = ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’
    she was just finishing her essay when …
    = elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …
    The compound past
    Compound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:
    I’ve been looking for you
    = je te cherchais
    For progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.
    Obligation
    When to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:
    she’s to do it at once
    = elle doit le faire tout de suite
    what am I to do?
    = qu’est-ce que je dois faire?
    he was to arrive last Monday
    = il devait arriver lundi dernier
    she was never to see him again
    = elle ne devait plus le revoir.
    In tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:
    their house is lovely, isn’t it?
    = leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?
    he’s a doctor, isn’t he?
    = il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?
    it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?
    = c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?
    However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:
    ‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’
    = ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’
    you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?
    = tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?
    In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:
    it’s not broken, is it?
    = ce n’est pas cassé, si?
    he wasn’t serious, was he?
    = il n’était pas sérieux, si?
    In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.
    In short answers
    Again, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’
    In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’
    ‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’
    = ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’
    Probability
    For expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.
    Other functions
    Expressing sensations and feelings
    In expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:
    to be cold
    = avoir froid
    to be hot
    = avoir chaud
    I’m cold
    = j’ai froid
    to be thirsty
    = avoir soif
    to be hungry
    = avoir faim
    to be ashamed
    = avoir honte
    my hands are cold
    = j’ai froid aux mains
    If, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.
    Discussing health and how people are
    In expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:
    how are you?
    = comment allez-vous?
    ( more informally) comment vas-tu?
    are you well?
    = vous allez bien?
    how is your daughter?
    = comment va votre fille?
    my father is better today
    = mon père va mieux aujourd’hui
    Discussing weather and temperature
    In expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:
    it’s cold
    = il fait froid
    it’s windy
    = il fait du vent
    If in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.
    Visiting somewhere
    When to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:
    I’ve never been to Sweden
    = je ne suis jamais allé en Suède
    have you been to the Louvre?
    = est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?
    or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?
    Paul has been to see us three times
    = Paul est venu nous voir trois fois
    Note too:
    has the postman been?
    = est-ce que le facteur est passé?
    For here is, here are, there is, there are see the entries here and there.
    The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : be

  • 3 home

    home [həʊm]
    maison1 (a) chez-soi1 (a) foyer1 (b) patrie1 (c) habitat1 (d) arrivée1 (f) début1 (g) chez soi2 (a) au pays natal2 (b) à fond2 (c) familial3 (a) à/pour la maison3 (b) national3 (c), 3 (d)
    1 noun
    (a) (one's house) maison f; (more subjectively) chez-soi m inv;
    I've come straight from home je viens (directement) de chez moi;
    a home from home un second chez-soi;
    I left home at sixteen j'ai quitté la maison à seize ans;
    her home is not far from mine sa maison n'est pas loin de chez moi;
    he insulted me in my own home! il m'a insulté sous mon propre toit!;
    to have a home of one's own avoir un foyer ou un chez-soi;
    how long has he been missing from home? depuis combien de temps a-t-il disparu de la maison?;
    to be away from home être parti ou absent ou en voyage;
    he was found far away from home on l'a trouvé loin de chez lui;
    his home is in Nice il habite Nice;
    Glasgow is her second home Glasgow est sa deuxième patrie;
    New York will always be home for me! c'est toujours à New York que je me sentirai chez moi!;
    when did she make her home in Hollywood? quand s'est-elle installée à Hollywood?;
    emigrants came to make their homes in Canada des émigrés sont venus s'installer au Canada;
    to give sb a home recueillir qn chez soi;
    they sell lovely things for the home ils vendent toutes sortes de très jolis accessoires pour la maison;
    they have a lovely home! c'est très agréable chez eux!;
    at home chez soi, à la maison;
    to stay at home rester à la maison;
    come and see me at home passez me voir à la maison;
    formal Mrs Carr is not at home on Mondays Mme Carr ne reçoit pas le lundi;
    there was nobody at home il n'y avait personne à la maison;
    make yourself at home faites comme chez vous;
    he made himself at home in the chair il s'est mis à l'aise dans le fauteuil;
    I don't feel at home here je me sens dépaysé ici, je ne me sens pas chez moi ici;
    she feels at home everywhere! elle est à l'aise partout!;
    to be or to feel at home with sth se sentir à l'aise avec qch;
    he doesn't yet feel at home with the machine il n'est pas encore à l'aise avec la machine;
    I work out of or at home je travaille à domicile ou chez moi;
    familiar what's that when it's at home? qu'est-ce que c'est que ça?;
    ironic don't you have a home to go to? tu as l'intention de passer la nuit ici?;
    proverb there's no place like home = on n'est vraiment bien que chez soi;
    proverb home is where the heart is = où le cœur aime, là est le foyer;
    home sweet home foyer, doux foyer
    (b) (family unit) foyer m; Administration habitation f, logement m;
    the father left home le père a abandonné le foyer;
    to start or to set up a home fonder un foyer;
    how are things at home? comment ça va chez toi?;
    are you having problems at home? est-ce que tu as des problèmes chez toi?;
    a happy home une famille heureuse;
    he comes from a good home il vient d'une famille comme il faut;
    (c) (native land) patrie f, pays m natal;
    it's the same at home c'est la même chose chez nous ou dans notre pays;
    at home and abroad dans notre pays et à l'étranger;
    figurative this discussion is getting a bit close to home! on aborde un sujet dangereux!;
    let's look at a situation closer to or nearer home examinons une situation qui nous concerne plus directement;
    Kentucky, the home of bourbon Kentucky, le pays du bourbon;
    the home of jazz le berceau du jazz
    (d) Botany & Zoology habitat m
    (e) (mental hospital) maison f de repos; (old people's home) maison f de retraite; (children's home) foyer m pour enfants
    (f) Sport (finishing line) arrivée f; (on board game) case f départ; (goal) but m;
    they play better at home ils jouent mieux sur leur terrain;
    Arsenal are playing at home on Saturday Arsenal joue à domicile samedi;
    to be at home to recevoir;
    the Rams meet the Braves at home les Rams jouent à domicile contre les Braves
    (a) (to or at one's house) chez soi, à la maison;
    to go home rentrer (chez soi ou à la maison);
    what time did you get home? à quelle heure est-ce que tu es rentré?;
    I'd better be getting home je crois qu'il est temps que je rentre chez moi;
    it's on my way home c'est sur mon chemin;
    she'll be home tonight elle sera à la maison ce soir;
    American to be home alone être tout seul à la maison;
    to see sb home raccompagner qn jusque chez lui/elle;
    to take sb home ramener qn chez lui/elle;
    Fido, home! Fido, rentre ou à la maison!;
    familiar it's nothing to write home about ça ne casse rien;
    familiar British home and dry, American home free sauvé
    (b) (from abroad) au pays natal, au pays;
    when did you get or come home? quand es-tu rentré?;
    to send sb home rapatrier qn;
    the grandparents want to go or to return home les grands-parents veulent rentrer dans leur pays
    (c) (all the way) à fond;
    to drive a nail home enfoncer un clou jusqu'au bout;
    the remark really went home le commentaire a fait mouche;
    to push home one's advantage profiter au maximum d'un avantage;
    it will come home to him some day il s'en rendra compte un jour;
    to bring sth home to sb faire comprendre ou voir qch à qn
    (a) (concerning family, household → life) de famille, familial; (→ for family consumption) familial, à usage familial
    (b) (to, for, at one's house) à ou pour la maison
    (c) (national → gen) national, du pays; (→ market, policy, sales) intérieur;
    to be on home ground (near home) être en pays de connaissance; figurative (familiar subject) être en terrain connu
    (d) Sport (team → national) national; (→ local) local;
    our home ground notre terrain;
    when they play at their home ground quand ils jouent sur leur terrain, quand ils reçoivent
    (person, animal) revenir ou rentrer chez soi; (pigeon) revenir au colombier
    ►► home address (on form) domicile m (permanent); (not business address) adresse f personnelle;
    Computing home automation domotique f;
    home baking Cookery (action) pâtisserie f; (cakes, biscuits) gâteaux mpl;
    Banking home banking banque f à domicile;
    Obstetrics home birth accouchement m à la maison;
    home brew (beer) bière f faite maison;
    home brewing (of beer) fabrication f de bière chez soi; American (illegal distilling) = distillation clandestine d'alcool chez soi;
    home cleaning products produits mpl ménagers;
    British home comforts confort m du foyer;
    Computing home computer ordinateur m familial;
    Computing home computing informatique f à domicile;
    home cooking cuisine f familiale;
    the Home Counties = l'ensemble des comtés limitrophes de Londres, à la population aisée et conservatrice;
    home country pays m natal;
    the home country le pays;
    home decorating décoration f intérieure;
    home delivery livraison f à domicile;
    home ec (UNCOUNT) économie f domestique;
    home economist spécialiste mf d'économie domestique;
    American Finance home equity loan prêt m sur valeur nette de la propriété;
    American Cookery home fries pommes de terre fpl sautées non pelées;
    home front (during war) arrière m;
    on the home front à l'arrière;
    what's the news on the home front? (in the home country) quelles sont les nouvelles du pays?;
    how are things on the home front? (at home) comment ça va à la maison?;
    home game match m à domicile;
    British History the Home Guard = section de volontaires de l'armée britannique restée sur le territoire pour le défendre en cas d'invasion;
    British home help aide f ménagère;
    home improvements travaux mpl de rénovation;
    Finance home improvement loan prêt m pour travaux de rénovation;
    home journey voyage m de retour;
    Computing home key touche f début;
    British Military home leave congé m au foyer;
    home life vie f de famille;
    Finance home loan prêt m immobilier, prêt m d'épargne-logement;
    home movie film m d'amateur;
    home news nouvelles fpl nationales;
    Politics the Home Office = le ministère britannique de l'Intérieur;
    American Commerce home office (of company) siège m social;
    home owner propriétaire mf;
    home ownership = fait d'être propriétaire de son logement;
    home ownership is increasing le nombre des personnes propriétaires de leur logement augmente;
    Computing home page (initial page) page f d'accueil; (start page in browser) page f d'accueil; (personal page) page f personnelle;
    Marketing home party selling vente f domiciliaire;
    home plate Sport (in baseball) bâton m, = plaque qui marque le début et la fin du parcours que doit effectuer le batteur pour marquer un point;
    Nautical home port port m d'attache;
    Economics home products produits mpl nationaux ou domestiques;
    home remedy remède m de bonne femme;
    Home Rule History (in Ireland) = gouvernement autonome de l'Irlande;
    home rule (devolution) décentralisation f;
    home run Sport (in baseball) coup m de circuit (coup de batte qui permet au batteur de marquer un point en faisant un tour complet en une seule fois); figurative (last leg of trip) dernière étape f du circuit;
    the ship/the delivery truck is on its home run le navire/le camion rentre à son port d'attache/au dépôt;
    School home schooling scolarisation f à domicile;
    Politics Home Secretary = ministre de l'Intérieur en Grande-Bretagne;
    Commerce home shopping téléachat m;
    American Home Show salon m des arts ménagers et de la décoration; Sport &
    figurative British home straight, American home stretch dernière ligne f droite;
    they're on or in the home straight ils sont dans la dernière ligne droite;
    Sport home team l'équipe f qui reçoit;
    home time = heure où l'on rentre à la maison;
    home town (of birth) ville f natale;
    (of upbringing) his home town la ville où il a grandi;
    home truth vérité f désagréable;
    to tell sb a few home truths dire ses (quatre) vérités à qn;
    I learnt some home truths about myself j'ai appris quelques vérités désagréables sur moi-même;
    home video = film vidéo réalisé par un particulier, généralement sur sa vie de famille;
    to watch sb's home videos regarder les cassettes vidéo filmées par qn;
    home visit (by doctor) visite f à domicile;
    home waters (territorial) eaux fpl territoriales; (near home port) eaux fpl voisines du port d'attache;
    Sport home win victoire f à domicile
    (a) (of missile) se diriger (automatiquement) sur ou vers; (proceed towards → goal) se diriger vers; figurative mettre le cap sur
    (b) (direct attention to → problem, solution) mettre l'accent sur; (→ difficulty, question) viser, cerner;
    I made one mistake and he homed in on it je n'ai fait qu'une seule faute mais il s'est fait un plaisir de me la faire remarquer
    HOME RULE On désigne ainsi le régime d'autonomie revendiqué par l'Irlande entre 1870 et 1914. Après plusieurs tentatives, une loi sur l'autonomie partielle fut votée en 1914. La mise en vigueur de cette loi, déjà compromise par l'opposition des protestants unionistes de l'Ulster, fut reportée lorsque la Première Guerre mondiale éclata en août 1914. À la suite de l'insurrection de Pâques à Dublin en 1916, les partisans du "Home Rule" revendiquèrent l'autonomie totale. La guerre pour l'indépendance (1918-21) aboutit au traité anglo-irlandais de 1921, qui établit la partition de l'île entre l'Irlande du Sud qui devenait quasiment indépendante et l'Irlande du Nord qui devait rester rattachée à la Grande-Bretagne.
    Don't try this at home Il s'agit d'un conseil donné aux spectateurs dans les émissions de télévision dans lesquelles figurent des tours dangereux et des cascades. Aujourd'hui, cette formule ("n'essayez pas de faire cela chez vous") est toujours utilisée par les présentateurs de télévision avec une pointe d'ironie et d'une manière plus générale par toute personne qui est sur le point de tenter quelque chose de dangereux.

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > home

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